THE HISTORY OF ASL:

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

asl Story of American Sign Language

The roots of American Sign Language, or ASL, go back hundreds of years, to a time before

America was even a nation, to a tiny island off the coast of Massachusetts called Martha's

Vineyard.

Some of the colonists from England who settled there at the end of the 17th century were

deaf, and carried a gene for deafness.

By the mid 19th century there was a large deaf population on the island.

And they all spoke sign language.

It had developed organically, through natural socializing, and most of the hearing people

there spoke it too.

It isn't there anymore.

The deaf Martha's Vineyard residents started to leave the island in the 1800s, to attend

the first American school for the Deaf, established in Hartford Connecticut in 1817 by Thomas

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

Hopkins Gallaudet.

Gallaudet was a preacher who began to research methods for educating the deaf after meeting

his neighbor's deaf child.

He traveled to England to observe a method of training for speech and lipreading, but

the developers of that system were protective and unwilling to give away their secrets and

turned him away.

So he went to France where he was welcomed to the school for the deaf in Paris, which

used sign as a method of instruction.

He convinced Laurent Clerc, a deaf teacher and graduate of the Paris Deaf school, to

accompany him back to Hartford, where they founded the American School for the Deaf.

The school began with a mixture of sign systems.

There were many students who used the Martha's Vineyard sign, and they came together with

deaf students from around New England, some who had rudimentary gesture systems only used

in the home, and some with more developed systems that were used in towns with other

deaf people.

In school, they were exposed to each other, to Parisian Sign Language and to a method

for visually representing some aspects of English.

And ASL was born out of the mix.

Today, ASL is much closer to French Sign Language than it is to British Sign Language, which

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

has no historical connection to ASL.

Over the course of the 19th century deaf schools opened all over the US, and many graduates

of the Hartford school took their signing with them to careers as teachers and principals

across the country.

ASL became the language of the American deaf, deepening and expanding over generations of

use.

That process hit a roadblock in the 1880s, when proponents of oral education, including

Alexander Graham Bell, convinced many schools to discourage sign language in favor of speech

training.

Suddenly students were forbidden from signing, punished by having their hands tied behind

their backs.

They spent hours learning to mimic mouth shapes to produce vowels and consonants.

Hours they had once spent learning math, history, and literature.

But ASL lived on in the shadows and under the tables.

It wasn't until a century later that attitudes toward ASL began to change back.

Research began to show the benefit of having a full, easily acquired language as early

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

as possible, and the harm of not having one, which happened to many kids who could never

manage to acquire speech.

Deaf people became politically empowered, and advocated for giving ASL the respect it

deserved, and had earned, through more than two centuries of American history.

American Sign Language is a beautiful visual language,

with a history, a fascinating history,

of its arrival on the mainland.

Nearly 400 years ago, a man named Jonathan Lambert

who was deaf traveled from Kent, England

to the town of Chilmark on Martha's Vineyard.

After settling, his children were born

and they were also deaf.

Because Chilmark was a fishing village with no ships

or ports for travel,

And it's isolation from other towns,

there was no flow of outsiders.

As a result it was common for residents to marry

within the family and have children.

Because of this their genetic deafness spread to a point,

approaching the 19th century

1 in every 25 residents was deaf.

Lambert not only brought his deaf genetics over,

but the regional sign language of Kent, England.

This language evolved in Chilmark

as the deaf population grew.

It became Martha's Vineyard sign language or MVSL.

The language belong to both deaf and hearing people

throughout the island,

where it had become completely natural to use.

While all this was happening,

on the mainland of America,

In 1814, in Hartford Connecticut

a preacher named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

was visiting family.

He noticed one day his younger brothers and sisters

were not playing with a child.

Upon investigating

he learned that the child,

Alice Cogswell, was deaf.

Not knowing any sign language,

he attempted to communicate with her

by pointing to his hat,

and writing H-A-T in the dirt.

Alice was able to understand him.

Alice's father, a talented surgeon,

financed a trip for Gallaudet.

To visit Europe

and learn more about deaf education practices.

First, he visited the Braidwood school,

a family-run school with a focus on

using oral methods with deaf children.

The family refused to share their methods with Thomas.

While in England, he happened to meet

Abbé Roch-Ambroise Sicard.

The hearing man who was the Principal of

Institut Royal des Sourds-Muets,

a School for the Deaf in Bordeaux, France.

Accompanying Abbé Sicard,

was Laurent Clerc

and Jean Massieu,

two students of Abbé Sicard,

who were now educators along with him.

Abbé Sicard welcomed Thomas

to visit the school, and learn more.

Gallaudet actually had the foresight

to know he wouldn't be able to bring this

amazing knowledge back to America on his own,

and asked Laurent Clerc to return home with him.

In exchange for learning French sign language,

Thomas taught Clerc written English.

Upon returning to Connecticut in 1817,

they established the

American School for the Deaf, in Hartford.

Over time the deaf children from Martha's Vineyard

we're being educated at the new school, ASD.

Through time they moved, and settled to the mainland.

The Deaf population of Martha's Vineyard wained.

However, the French sign language

and the Martha's Vineyard Sign Language

became intertwined,

and became what is our present-day

American Sign Language.

I am proud to say that 179 years later,

I graduated from

American School for the Deaf.

The school and language is just as important today,

THE HISTORY OF ASL:

as it was all those years ago.

I hope you enjoyed this fascinating look at the history of

American Sign Language,

and those important people on a journey.

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED:

Hello I welcome you once again to our discussion on Indigenous Hands the

Indigenous Voices um It is so strange and unusual what is

going on around the whole world this time,

our heart goes out to families communities

and nations that are hard hit by the corona virus pandemic, we say

take heart if your family is hard hit if your community is hard hit.

As you can see it has also brought us to an unusual setting

that we are having this recording today outside,

not the our usual classroom setting and therefore um welcome you

today to our discussion on the topic Signed Language Use

or Signed Language Attitude, Deaf and Hearing Impaired.

um One may wonder why the topic and one may wonder the difference between

Deaf and hearing impaired; so as that being said

um in our studies so far we have found out that

there are some deaf people who have not identified

with the cultural and linguistic identity of

deaf people so in our studies we have seen more of families

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

of deaf children that we have met in in terms of our studies who

continue to narrate how their children became deaf. When we

talk about Deaf and hearing impaired we mean Deaf, talking about those deaf

people that identify themselves as Deaf

culturally and linguistically, and hearing impaired talking about those

people that identify themselves as being hearing

impaired or as being uh disabled because they

lost hearing. So in that case we're going to

be talking about deafness and hearing loss so hearing

loss, whether congenital or um or organic or whatever, it is

the a situation when or a condition rather

when a person loses his or her hearing and there is an impediment or there is

an impairment of hearing and which

may affect some other aspects of that person's

general activity so in the course of our studies

we have seen more of um people who could classify as hearing impaired

whether as children, students in school and adults,

because most of the deaf persons or we have identified are those who regret

their condition or those who would want their condition to change.

This is different from some of the deaf persons who find themselves in families

um that, where maybe the father the mother

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

or the grandfather and the mother are deaf and they are deaf. So we could

call second generation or third generation deaf persons. In most

cases these people identify themselves culturally and linguistically as Deaf

even if a um a hearing person is born in that family

in some cases also they identify with this culture

and they become part of the entire deaf family. These two situations,

these two settings determine the attitude of a person towards signed

language use and this is what we are going to be discussing in the next um

two three weeks. Treating this topic today, what do we

want to streamline we want to look at how deaf people

regard signed language use and their attitude towards it

and how hearing impaired regards signed language use and the attitude towards it

and this will lead us to what goes on in an average

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

indigenous African Deaf community where sign language is not frivolously used

among deaf and hearing and in some other ones where they are also

used that way. The first thing I want to discuss today brothers

much on what causes hearing impairment, what causes hearing loss and I

I know this is somewhat a controversial aspect of my study but i'm going to try

as much as I can to stay within the limits of my

expertise as a sign language and speech and

hearing scientist. I have been doing research for the past

six years in Deaf communities across Africa

and there has been a whole lot of data that we have

you know collected um in amongst deaf people

and also signed language use, and one aspect of our research

that we do not always always discuss is this issue that I want to

discuss today, what causes hearing loss

in an average indigenous community. So the picture you are seeing here is a

picture of parents who narrate

who narrate how their children became deaf

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

each of these parents. their children became deaf

after birth within the first five years of

of age and each of them narrates how, what they think happened.

um It is out of this um study that we got the data that informed

us that over 75 percent of the children born in

these communities that we are we have studied became deaf

because they became sick, that means they became deaf as a result of sickness.

The rest of the 25 percent, our study seems to suggest also that the reasons

some of these ones became deaf after birth may have been

an inherent reason from the mother to the children for those that were

born deaf. How did we get to this conclusion?

We got to this conclusion because each of these parents narrates

how their children became deaf, most of them

as a result of one sickness or the other that affected their hearing system

and this is about 75 percent of them by our estimate.

The rest 25 percent is estimated that the issues that affected

these ones that were born and they became deaf

after birth may have been related to those that also became deaf

before birth because the parents narrated how they, the mothers

especially how they were sick during the pregnancy

and in each of those cases they had

antibiotic injection and that leads us to um

the points that i want to make in this discussion today -

the um issue of antibiotic injection or medication or drug

for a pregnant woman or um to children, babies when they uh

when they became sick. So one of the major

um causative factor of deafness that we found out in our studies is the

antibiotic injection or drugs and in

some of the African countries especially in Nigeria where I started my studies

um a lot of antibiotic injection and drugs are used when people

fall ill. Some of us went through the system where as soon as you become

ill you you take antibiotics and so almost all these mothers narrated how

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

they were given antibiotic or the

infants, when they became ill how they were given

antibiotic. This was one factor that we found out.

And another factor is when a child becomes ill runs

temperature um we also found out that some of the

parents do not know how to manage the high

temperature; some of the mothers narrated to us how

instead of dabbing the the child, the baby that is running

temperature and maybe using cold water or what, the

mother usually robs local palm kernel oil and covers the child. That is the story we got from some of these parents

and in some of those occasions the child ends up convulsing and

the child that convulses ends up losing hearing after one or two

days of coma. So some of these parents told these stories, so high temperature

and the mismanagement of it. Related to that

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

is the um meningitis issue, but in in the area I started my study we

didn't see much of the meningitis issue but

it is more common in the northern part of

Nigeria because of the high heat a lot of children came down with the

high temperature and they became ill and they

became unconscious and lost their hearing in their process.

These are three major causes of hearing loss we

encounter in the course of our study. The next

which is the most controversial is the issue

of injection, any other type of injection that is called vaccine. Some of the

parents narrated that their children became ill

after taking a vaccine injection. Aas unproven as

that is, because that's not what we are dealing with in our studies

we recorded these stories from some of the parents.

I could remember one of the parents, a father

as he narrated to us how his daughter was sick

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

and was due for an injection that she needed to take

and he went to a doctor friend of his and um told the doctor that the child

needed to take a vaccine injection but was having fever but the

doctor went ahead and gave the injection anyway; the child became unconscious

and lost hearing when she woke up

we had this kind of stories from some other parents and so

we know that further scientific studies can reveal

what may be the underlying cause but I'm treating this as raw as you know

data we got from the field. Alright so having explained what

causes deafness as we've seen them in and around the communities that we have

studied um what we are going to be looking at is

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

these deaf persons who became deaf as children or were born deaf in this

manner whose parents continue to regret, lament

that they have deaf children what attitude was

passed to them from their parents, their immediate families and their

communities? That is where we are um having uh

the focus of our discussion. What attitude was

passed on to these children as they grew up?

What linguistic attitude what cultural attitude?

Coupled with the fact that a good number of them

grew up in isolation, a good number of them grew up with

limited language access, a good number of them grew up with no

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

family or early intervention access. Now this is like a kind of foundation

to to the topic that we are gonna be dealing with

in the next two three episodes.

The other set of deaf persons, children and adults are those who

are born in a deaf family they have deaf parents and some in some

cases deaf grandparents and they inherited deafness

and they inherited the attitude, the cultural and linguistic attitude of

deafness, of being deaf what attitude did they inherit and how

do they carry this attitude? And these two settings are going to help

us into understanding the difference between

ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

these two deaf persons in relation to sign language. So

our topic today says Signed Language Attitude,

Deaf and Hearing Impaired, and in the next

two three weeks we are going to be dwelling on this topic

looking at um, we are going to look more on the hearing impaired, what goes on.

um Today we have talked about what causes deafness

and what causes hearing impairment and to as opposed to deafness

and we are not suggesting that those who became linguistically and culturally

deaf um the cause of their deafness is not

similar to the cause of those who identify as

hearing impaired. No, that's not what we are saying.

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

Irrespective of whatever caused deafness or hearing impairment

what we are looking at is the attitude. But why did i bring up what causes

hearing impairment or hearing loss in the communities that we have studied?

To give you an idea of the attitude of the parents

coming from the way their children lost hearing and coming from

the information they have or do not have about hearing loss and deafness,

some of these parents live in regret, some

think it is their fault that their children became deaf

and in that case what do they do? And whatever they do

or do not do has a whole lot of impact on their deaf children and has a

whole lot of impact on how um the deaf child who became a deaf

adult will look at signed language. This

has a lot to do with our discussion on indigenous

ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

sign languages in African setting because if we

have to get it right, if we have to get it right

about the development of indigenous African signed languages

Deaf attitude towards signed language use is a huge factor; we cannot overlook it.

So today our topic is Signed Language Use or Signed Language

 ATTITUDE DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED

Attitude, Deaf and Hearing Impaired and irrespective of what is going on

around the world, we promise to keep doing this and we ask

you to keep watching us and sharing this video

and liking it to um help spread the information that

is not readily available both in literature and in the classroom

about what goes on in indigenous deaf communities and

indigenous sign languages. I would like to say thank

you for keeping up with us and I will see you next week

stay safe from corona virus. Bye!

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

 employements share a wide range of statistics regarding employment rates for the deaf.

It ranges from 50 percent to 75 percent. But what is the real rate of employment?

What is the actual rate of employment?

The actual employment rate may not apply to all deaf people for example women of color also

those with more disabilities may have a different experience.

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

What kind of experience and work goals do deaf people have?

Welder.

Pastor.

Filmmaker.

Personal Trainer.

Yoga instructor.

Dentist.

A mechanic.

Blind Teacher.

Researcher.

Attorney.

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

Let's look at some national details.

The University of Texas at the Austin research team analyzed a sample collected in the United States

Census. The sample only looks at people aged 21 to 65 or working age

excluding retirees and those still pursuing education.

How many people are employed in the United States?

Using this data they identified real levels of unemployment among hearing people

and the deaf.

Seventy-seven percent of hearing people are active and forty-eight percent are deaf

people are working.

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

For the unemployed, the provincial government has identified two categories.

First is unemployment which means people who are looking for work diligently and who need help.

The second category is called non-employees and is those who have no interest in working which means they can afford it

retire early, be at home raising a family or seeking further education.

How many people are unemployed?

Remember that unemployment means actively seeking a job. When looking at the unemployment rates of

nationwide there is no significant difference between the number of deaf people in the US and deaf people.

How many people are out of work?

Now remember that the Not in Labor force category includes people

they are not in the job market or they are not actively looking for work.

At this stage the numbers are very different. Twenty-three percent of people hear it

and forty-seven percent of those who are deaf.

There are five categories in the Not in Labor Force category which include women, veterans,

Native Americans, African-Americans and the deaf are disabled.

Some of these people may or may not have found a job

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

dissatisfied with their job opportunities.

These people have a variety of experiences and reasons for unemployment.

News from the community.

It's a big challenge and it's very frustrating.

There are many barriers because society often thinks that deaf people cannot do things.

I could be under a lot of pressure.

Everything needs to happen quickly. Communication needs to take place on a plane.

They did not understand how to communicate better. To my employer and to my manager,

texting was a struggle, so I quit.

When it comes to doing last-minute things, with my disability I can't do last-minute things.

They see that I am deaf and a girl, and they think that I am not good enough.

Employers do not want to pay for translation work because it is expensive.

There is often experience working with deaf people.

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

There are a few possibilities.

How much do people earn?

There is a common misconception that deaf people earn less than their hearing partners.

This is actually not true, the average salary of both parties is fully funded at fifty-two thousand dollars.

What about the pay gap for sex?

Hearing of women for 82 cents per dollar for hearing a man and deaf women for 76 cents

compared to every dollar a deaf man receives.

How does work experience differ from Deaf People?

Being deaf with more disabilities I face more difficulties. If a person has a physical disability, it is obvious

Disability scares employers and leads them to not hire the disabled person.

If a person has an invisible visual impairment such as ADHD or something similar, a person with that type

disability generally does not reflect that but when

it has been found that a person may need it

accommodations and that would take more time for me.

It was not easy for me to find a job, more so that I could not keep my job.

It's hard to find a job, not a joke.

Deaf people have an employment rate of sixty-three percent and deaf people with

additional disabilities are employed at a rate of thirty-two percent and earn less.

How does the employment experience differ from people of color?

In all U.S. There is a discrepancy in paying for people of color and this is also true for deaf people.

For example, Latin people work harder than white people but earn less.

It is important to understand that work experience is not the same for everyone

deaf people.

Each has its own identity, knowledge and needs.

The community must address this diversity through support and co-operation.

We are here for you. Let's work together!

Change program ...

... and prepare deaf students for job opportunities ....

We hope to see the development of vocational training,

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

opportunity to apply for jobs,

great job opportunities for the deaf,

the ability to demonstrate our skills

and the availability of extensive communication.

That is the key.

                                امریکہ میں بہرے لوگ اور روزگار:

 لوگ بہرے افراد کے لیے روزگار کی شرح کے حوالے سے وسیع پیمانے پر اعداد و شمار کا اشتراک کرتے ہیں۔

 یہ 50 فیصد سے 75 فیصد تک ہے۔  لیکن روزگار کی اصل شرح کیا ہے؟

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

                                     ملازمت کی اصل شرح کیا ہے؟

 اصل روزگار کی شرح تمام بہرے لوگوں پر لاگو نہیں ہو سکتی مثلا color رنگین عورتیں بھی۔

               زیادہ معذور افراد کو مختلف تجربہ ہو سکتا ہے۔

 بہرے لوگوں کے پاس کس قسم کا تجربہ اور کام کے اہداف ہوتے ہیں؟

                                                                        ویلڈر۔

                                                                         پادری

                                                                     فلم ساز۔

                                                                  ذاتی ٹرینر.

                                                             یوگا انسٹرکٹر۔

                                                            دانتوں کا ڈاکٹر

                                                                ایک مستری.

                                                                نابینا استاد۔

                                                                       محقق۔

             

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

                                                         مختار.

                                 آئیے کچھ قومی تفصیلاتدیکھیں۔

 آسٹن ریسرچ ٹیم کی یونیورسٹی آف ٹیکساس نے ریاستہائے متحدہ میں جمع کیے گئے نمونے کا تجزیہ کیا۔

 مردم شماری  نمونہ صرف 21 سے 65 سال یا کام کرنے کی عمر کے لوگوں کو دیکھتا ہے۔

 ریٹائرڈ اور ان لوگوں کو چھوڑ کر جو ابھی تعلیم حاصل کر رہے ہیں۔

 امریکہ میں کتنے لوگ ملازم ہیں؟

 اس ڈیٹا کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے انہوں نے سننے والے لوگوں میں بے روزگاری کی حقیقی سطح کی نشاندہی کی۔

                                                                 اور بہرے

 سننے والے ستر فیصد لوگ فعال ہیں اور اڑتالیس فیصد بہرے ہیں۔

                                                    لوگ کام کر رہے ہیں.

 بے روزگاروں کے لیے صوبائی حکومت نے دو زمروں کی نشاندہی کی ہے۔

 سب سے پہلے بے روزگاری ہے جس کا مطلب ہے وہ لوگ جو تندہی سے کام کی تلاش میں ہیں اور جنہیں مدد کی ضرورت ہے۔

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

 دوسری قسم کو غیر ملازم کہا جاتا ہے اور وہ لوگ ہیں جنہیں کام کرنے میں کوئی دلچسپی نہیں ہے جس کا مطلب ہے کہ وہ اسے برداشت کر سکتے ہیں۔

 جلدی ریٹائر ہوجائیں ، گھر پر رہیں ایک خاندان کی پرورش کریں یا مزید تعلیم حاصل کریں۔

 کتنے لوگ بے روزگار ہیں؟

 یاد رکھیں کہ بے روزگاری کا مطلب فعال طور پر نوکری تلاش کرنا ہے۔  جب بے روزگاری کی شرح دیکھتے ہیں۔

 ملک بھر میں امریکہ میں بہرے لوگوں اور بہرے لوگوں کی تعداد میں کوئی خاص فرق نہیں ہے۔

 کتنے لوگ کام سے باہر ہیں؟

 اب یاد رکھیں کہ لیبر فورس کے زمرے میں لوگ شامل ہیں۔

 وہ جاب مارکیٹ میں نہیں ہیں یا وہ فعال طور پر کام کی تلاش میں نہیں ہیں۔

 اس مرحلے میں نمبر بہت مختلف ہیں۔  تئیس فیصد لوگ اسے سنتے ہیں۔

 اور سینتالیس فیصد بہرے ہیں۔

 نوٹ ان لیبر فورس کے زمرے میں پانچ اقسام ہیں جن میں خواتین ، سابق فوجی ،

 مقامی امریکی ، افریقی امریکی اور بہرے معذور ہیں۔

 ان میں سے کچھ لوگوں کو نوکری مل سکتی ہے یا نہیں۔

 ملازمت کے مواقع سے مطمئن نہیں

 یہ لوگ مختلف قسم کے تجربات اور بے روزگاری کی وجوہات رکھتے ہیں۔

 کمیونٹی کی خبریں۔

 یہ ایک بڑا چیلنج ہے اور یہ بہت مایوس کن ہے۔

 بہت سی رکاوٹیں ہیں کیونکہ معاشرہ اکثر یہ سمجھتا ہے کہ بہرے لوگ کام نہیں کر سکتے۔

 میں بہت دباؤ میں آ سکتا ہوں۔

 سب کچھ جلدی ہونے کی ضرورت ہے۔  ہوائی جہاز پر مواصلات کی ضرورت ہے۔

 وہ سمجھ نہیں پا رہے تھے کہ بہتر بات چیت کیسے کی جائے۔  میرے آجر اور میرے منیجر کو ،

 ٹیکسٹنگ ایک جدوجہد تھی ، لہذا میں نے چھوڑ دیا۔

 جب آخری لمحات کے کام کرنے کی بات آتی ہے ، اپنی معذوری کے ساتھ میں آخری لمحات کے کام نہیں کر سکتا۔

 وہ دیکھتے ہیں کہ میں بہرا اور لڑکی ہوں ، اور وہ سمجھتے ہیں کہ میں کافی اچھا نہیں ہوں۔

 آجر ترجمے کے کام کی ادائیگی نہیں کرنا چاہتے کیونکہ یہ مہنگا ہے۔

 بہرے لوگوں کے ساتھ کام کرنے کا اکثر تجربہ ہوتا ہے۔

                                                        چند امکانات ہیں۔

                                                   لوگ کتنا کماتے ہیں؟

 ایک عام غلط فہمی ہے کہ بہرے لوگ اپنے سماعت کے شراکت داروں سے کم کماتے ہیں۔

 یہ درحقیقت درست نہیں ہے ، دونوں جماعتوں کی اوسط تنخواہ مکمل طور پر باون ہزار ڈالر میں فنڈ کی جاتی ہے۔

 جنس کے لیے تنخواہ کے فرق کے بارے میں کیا خیال ہے؟

 مردوں کی سماعت کے لیے عورتوں کی سماعت 82 سینٹ فی ڈالر اور بہری عورتوں کی 76 سینٹ۔

        ہر ڈالر کے مقابلے میں ایک بہرا آدمی وصول کرتا ہے۔

 کام کا تجربہ بہرے لوگوں سے کیسے مختلف ہے؟

 زیادہ معذوری کے ساتھ بہرے ہونے کی وجہ سے مجھے مزید مشکلات کا سامنا ہے۔  اگر کوئی شخص جسمانی معذوری کا شکار ہے تو یہ ظاہر ہے۔

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

 معذوری آجروں کو خوفزدہ کرتی ہے اور انہیں معذور شخص کی خدمات حاصل نہ کرنے کی طرف لے جاتی ہے۔

 اگر کسی شخص کو بصری کمزوری ہے جیسے ADHD یا اس جیسی کوئی چیز ، اس قسم کا شخص۔

 معذوری عام طور پر اس کی عکاسی نہیں کرتی لیکن کب۔

 پتہ چلا ہے کہ کسی شخص کو اس کی ضرورت ہو سکتی ہے۔

 رہائش اور اس میں میرے لیے زیادہ وقت لگے گا۔

 میرے لیے نوکری ڈھونڈنا آسان نہیں تھا ، مزید یہ کہ میں اپنی نوکری نہ رکھ سکا۔

                       نوکری تلاش کرنا مشکل ہے ، مذاق نہیں۔

 بہرے لوگوں کی روزگار کی شرح تریسٹھ فیصد اور بہرے افراد ہیں۔

 اضافی معذوروں کو بتیس فیصد کی شرح سے ملازم کیا جاتا ہے اور کم کماتے ہیں۔

 روزگار کا تجربہ رنگین لوگوں سے کیسے مختلف ہے؟

 تمام امریکہ میں رنگین لوگوں کی ادائیگی میں اختلاف ہے اور یہ بہرے لوگوں کے لیے بھی درست ہے۔

 مثال کے طور پر ، لاطینی لوگ سفید فام لوگوں سے زیادہ محنت کرتے ہیں لیکن کم کماتے ہیں۔

 یہ سمجھنا ضروری ہے کہ کام کا تجربہ ہر ایک کے لیے یکساں نہیں ہوتا۔

                                       

Deaf People and Employment in the United States:

                       بہرے لوگ.

 ہر ایک کی اپنی شناخت ، علم اور ضروریات ہیں۔

 کمیونٹی کو اس تنوع کو سپورٹ اور تعاون کے ذریعے حل کرنا چاہیے۔

 ہم یہاں آپ کے لیے ہیں۔  آئیے مل کر کام کریں!

                                                 پروگرام تبدیل کریں ...

 اور بہرے طلباء کو روزگار کے مواقع کے لیے تیار کریں ....

 ہمیں پیشہ ورانہ تربیت کی ترقی دیکھنے کی امید ہے ،

 ملازمتوں کے لیے درخواست دینے کا موقع ،

 بہروں کے لیے روزگار کے زبردست مواقع ،

 ہماری صلاحیتوں کو ظاہر کرنے کی صلاحیت

 اور وسیع مواصلات کی دستیابی۔

 وہ کلید ہے۔

 

 Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 Speaker: Dr Stacey Brown gives an introduction *

 Hello everyone, and welcome to our presentation entitled

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 "Effective Communication with Patients and Patient Hearing Problems". Conn. Health

 DEVELOPMENT:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 Office of Community Based Education and Center for Excellence in Developmental

 Disability is a collaborative effort to contribute to these educational discussions. Our presenters will do just that

 share strategies for working with deaf and hard of hearing patients in both

 the perspective of a deaf patient and an ASL interpreter. Our guest

 The speakers are Luisa So Oles Ki, currently president of

 CONNECTICUT ASSOCIATION:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 The Connecticut Association of the Deaf and a retired principal from

 American School for the Deaf. We also have Leslie Warren who is a nationalist

 Certified Sign Language Interpreter and CEO of CoSign Connecticut.

 ASSOCIATES PROFESSOR:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 He is also a Associate Professor at Wesleyan University.

 Today's agenda will include communication, working with interpreters, video remote

 interpretation, and at the end of the presentation we will have more

 general resources and a way for Conn Conn medical students to ask for more

 questions. So without further ado, please welcome Luisa So Oles Ki and Leslie Warren.

 Hello everyone my name is Leslie Warren and I am here today to represent you

 INTERPRETATION:

 interpretation and translation component of health issues from medical

 settings. I am here today as someone who has a lot of experience with

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 interpretation and medical conditions. I was a complete sign language

 CONSULTANT:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 consultant at UConn Health Center for 12 years and we are developing programs for

 translators to learn how to better serve the deaf community so I'm happy to do it

 be here and we'll just share a little bit, we'll just touch a little bit of some prop

 points are important to you. I'll be back in a few minutes to talk about translation

 but now I would like to introduce my friend and colleague, Luisa Soboleski, who will add

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 talk to you first, I want to warn you a lot

 I express what I will be doing for Luisa and I may need to drink water for you

 you will see me stand up and ask for a drink of water,

 that's what translators have to do sometimes. Anyway, my friend Luisa.

 (Luisa) Hello everyone

 ZOOM MEETING:

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 Great to have a Zoom meeting for all of you. I want to thank you

 everyone for being interested and this is a great technology for us

 these days so that we can do this kind of training. I am a third generation deaf person

 a person. My parents were deaf, and I had two deaf children and four children

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 grandchildren, three of whom are deaf.

 Deaf people - what do they think? what do they think?

 What is it like to be deaf? My three grandchildren, we all have them

 ASL TECHNIQUES:

 the different ASL techniques they use.

 If a deaf person is born into a hearing family, they have nothing in common

 American Sign Language style as children born to deaf parents.

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 Often deaf children born to hearing parents and all deaf children, such as a

 in fact, they have language barriers but do not get along well

 HEARING LOSS:

 a life with hearing loss and people helping them in their families or perhaps

 problems will arise where there is no sign language they can find up to

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 later when they got to school.

 I worked at the American School for the Deaf, as noted on my ID.

 When the children come to school there, they are very limited, many can hear

 non-signing parents. In language they are a little limited and they are

 I have to fight hard to get more kids.

 Deaf children have all kinds of different backgrounds that affect them

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 to read. Some children are deaf and hard of hearing. Sometimes

 their age, in terms of development, is a problem.

 COMMUNICATE:

 I would like to talk to you briefly about ways to communicate with the deaf

 people. There is lip reading as well and all deaf people can read other lips.

 When I was growing up my parents and, especially my mom, loved to wash dishes too

 I spoke at the same time forcing me to read his lips. Now I've done that as

 a young child and helped me a lot with my readin

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

g skills and my lip reading skills

 but not all deaf people have such knowledge to grow up, I am

 LIP READER:

 a good lip reader as a result. American Sign Language, our first language

 the language of the deaf, our cultural language. Established here e

 American School for the Deaf as the first deaf school in the country

 and it spread all over the country in the background

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 was founded here in the 1800s. Do all deaf people sign in the same way

 American Sign Language (ASL) is, in essence, the language of the native speakers.

 region of the country they enter,

 How many accents do they have? Are they from the northern part of the country? Or south?

 SIGN LANGUAGE:

 It is the same with sign language as it is with spoken language, there is

 various features across the country. Philadelphia people sign a

 the date of birth is different from the one from the Midwest states. My sign is this - birthday -

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 birthday - I show you all the different symbols of the birthday name. It's all in

 America but the signs are different. Written communication, I have to explain

 you too, depending on the origin of the deaf person

 to write. When you see an educated person and write notes back

 to them, they can respond in American Sign Language and it can be visual

 it is confusing, it may seem wrong.

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 For example, when they write, "big house" in Spanish they include the noun and the verb

 and adjectives in a different place. American Sign Language is

 they especially love French because that is where they come from in the United States. And she is deaf

 DIFFERENT SKILLS:

 the people here have different skills for learning written language.

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 Communication with the deaf is a vital requirement. Some of them

 they can see a little, so they can use an interpreter who can see but some can

 those who are blind and deaf rely on touching the hands of an interpreter or

 someone deaf so they can feel the signs floating in the middle of

Importance of Effective Communication Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals:

 the wind. They rest their hands like this with an interpreter or their deaf friend

 we'll just sign in